1. Clarify Your Application and Spectral Band
Define the Use Case
Different tasks—electrical inspections, building diagnostics, surveillance, research—demand specific performance. For high-temperature processes, ensure the camera’s temperature range encompasses your targets; for subtle thermal gradients, prioritize sensitivity.
Choose the Right Spectral Window
Long-wave IR (LWIR, 8–12 µm) is common for general thermal imaging; mid-wave IR (MWIR, 3–5 µm) suits high-temperature or specialized atmospheric conditions . Confirm optics and detector materials support your chosen band .
2. Detector Resolution and Focal Plane Array (FPA)
Higher detector resolution (e.g., 640×512 vs. 320×256 pixels) yields finer spatial detail and extended detection range. When space and budget allow, opt for larger FPAs to capture more scene information, especially for identification tasks.
3. Thermal Sensitivity (NETD)
Noise‐equivalent temperature difference (NETD) indicates the smallest temperature difference the camera can resolve. Lower NETD (<50 mK) provides clearer contrast in subtle thermal gradients—vital in electrical diagnostics and research.
4. Lens Selection and Field of View (FOV)
Material and Design
Germanium and chalcogenide glasses dominate IR optics for high transmission in 3–12 µm; ensure lenses have protective coatings (e.g., diamond-like carbon) for durability .
Focal Length and FOV
Balance magnification and coverage: long focal lengths extend detection range but narrow FOV, while wide-angle lenses capture broad scenes for rapid inspections .
5. Frame Rate and Dynamic Performance
High-speed processes (e.g., mechanical diagnostics) require frame rates ≥60 Hz to avoid motion blur; slower rates (≈9 Hz) may suffice for building inspections.
6. Calibration and Accuracy
Verify factory calibration protocols and stability over time. Look for systems offering in-field calibration or automated drift compensation to maintain measurement accuracy .
7. Connectivity, Software, and Integration
Ensure compatibility with your data ecosystem: USB3.0, GigE, or analog outputs; SDKs and software suites for image analysis, reporting, and real-time monitoring improve workflow efficiency.
8. Environmental Ruggedness and Housing
Industrial and defense applications demand IP-rated housings, shock/vibration tolerance, and wide operating temperatures (e.g., –30 °C to +85 °C) to guarantee reliability in harsh conditions .
9. Price vs. Total Cost of Ownership
While initial cost matters, factor in calibration services, software licenses, spare parts, and training. A moderately higher upfront investment often yields lower long-term expenses and superior uptime.